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Yosemite Archaeology and Paiute Indians

by YosemitePaiutes (Subscribe)

Posted on: Jul 18, 2009 at 6:56 PM EDT

Channel: Lifeways

Location: Yosemite, Mono Lake, Mono County, Mariposa County, California, Great Basin

A person calling themselves Destoya wrote "Photos and written history are moot in establishing the Paiutes as the original inhabitants of Yosemite. Archaeological finds dating back several centuries are more accurate than recent documentation".

First Destoya is an area in Nevada, and as if the earliest photos and written history were not enough evidence now some want to discredit the Paiute presence by throwing up archeology. Well we Paiutes will step up to meet that challenge.

Years ago a Paiute archaeologist spoke to the head of Yosemite National Park's archeological department and she explained to him that because the soil in Yosemite was high in acidity that it was hard to determine who were the original Indians of the area. She stated to him that they go by testimony of early informants and what they can recover at sites to determine the original inhabitants of Yosemite and the area. Because of the harsh climate and acidity of the soil in Yosemite only fragments of items remain.

If that is the case lets examine what material they did find intact in Yosemite to show who the original Native inhabitance were.

One major find was done around El Portal in the early 1960s when the Park Service was digging for a new sewer plant and discovered an ancient burial site that predated many of the "historical" sites. Historical means after whites entered the area. The Park excavated 23 burial bundles with whole skeletal remains and funerary items that some how disappeared, but the lead archaeologist excavating the El Portal site, Robert J. Fitzwater, wrote a report of items found at the site. The report is called: Final Report on Two Seasons Excavations at El Portal, Mariposa County, California, published in 1962. In his report Fitzwater specifically writes that the three major items found were obsidian from Paiute Mono Lake, portable millings stones often used by Paiutes and Monos, and "Brown ware" pottery from Paiute Owens Valley. The site was an ancient site. Almost every piece of obsidian found in Yosemite has been carbon dated and identified as coming from Paiute Mono Lake using scientific methods (See video and Photo 3 in Gallery). Paiutes also received shells from the Chumash.

Later on in the 1980s Yosemite National Park gave all items found at the El Portal site to the Southern Sierra Miwuk, yet the items found at the site prove that it was Paiute. The Park described the site to be culturally unidentifiable, so why give it to the Miwoks? Yosemite National Park explains the items as "trade" items, yet during the time before whites entered the area Miwoks and Paiutes were warring with each other.

Also found in a Hetch Hetchy Valley cave was the oldest almost intact pre-historic burden basket found in Central California. Even Yosemite's Craig D. Bates confirmed it was Paiute, yet he said it was probably "traded" and that is why it was found there. Meanwhile all early written evidence showed that Paiutes were the tribe found in Hetch Hetchy and were fighting Miwoks. So the myth of trade is just that, a myth. (See Photo 2 in Gallery)

In and around the Yosemite area is Rock Art called pictograph and petroglyph. Anthropologists and archaeologists have determined that the ancient rock art pictographs - petroglyphs is Great Basin in origin. Great Basin is another word for Paiute and Shoshone. Miwoks are not Great Basin Indians. (See Photo 1 in Gallery)

Anything Mono Lake Paiute that is found by Yosemite National Park Service's paid archaeologists is labeled "trade items", yet how do they explain the Rock Art? Did they trade rock art carvings? How do they explain trade during the time Miwok and Paiutes were warring? There are several documented reports of western "Diggers" entering the eastern Yosemite sierra around Mono Lake and they were attacked and killed.

The earliest Yosemite Indian photos are of Paiutes, the earliest documented contact with Yosemite Indians was of Paiutes, the ancient pictograph and petroglyph rock art in Yosemite is Paiute, and the items found at ancient burial sites in Yosemite are Paiute. When you add up all the evidence it confirms that the Paiutes were the original people of Yosemite, and not the Miwok.

Here are the other parts of the video about obsidian and the Paiute people.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnfU6Pch2SQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=co17eotBNV8

are you leaving anything out? says ...

On Sunday, Jul 19 at 3:45 PM

Commenter

I have a complete copy of that 1962 El Portal study. In it they also decribes burials from various eras, and, showing one burial at least that was a whole body burial in the Miwok style. Don't withhold information if you're speaking of history.

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Sunday, Jul 19 at 9:00 PM

Commenter

If you are speaking of history please refer to the "Inventory of Native American human remains and associated funerary objects Yosemite National Park" report which states these remains are "culturally unidentifiable" and...

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Sunday, Jul 19 at 9:01 PM

Commenter

...that the Miwoks were "not" in the area at the time these artifacts were desposited. That is all over the Yosemite National Park report, pg 21, 23, and so on and so forth.

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Sunday, Jul 19 at 9:04 PM

Commenter

Therefore the "Miwok Style" remark is invalid based on Yosemite National Parks own inventory statement that Miwoks were not in the area at the time these artifacts were deposited. Plus I thought the Miwoks cremated; CREMATION IS the "Miwok Style".

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Sunday, Jul 19 at 9:10 PM

Commenter

As for your comment "Don't withhold information," We Paiutes don't withhold information so I suggest you quote from the Inventory of YNP and you will see the exact words yourself. I will repeat this again, These bones could not be Miwok.

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Sunday, Jul 19 at 9:13 PM

Commenter

Also how do you explain the items that were Paiute in the El Portal site? Plus how do you explain all the ANCIENT Great Basin pictoglyphs (Rock Art) located in Yosemite? Miwoks are not Great Basin Indians, only Paiutes. Explain that?

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Sunday, Jul 19 at 9:23 PM

Commenter

We just looked in the Fitzwater Report on what page does it say that the remains were buried in the "Miwok Style"? Since you claim that was left out of the article we wrote, tell us what page it is on. Plus I recall early Miwoks cremated their dead.

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Sunday, Jul 19 at 9:36 PM

Commenter

Red ochre was found in the sites at El Portal in the report pg 247. Paiutes used this for protection and also came from Great Basin culture. Red ochre was found in several of the burials. Paiutes used to cover themselves with it for protection.

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Why did they say the could be conclusive? says ...

On Monday, Jul 20 at 1:07 AM

Commenter

The burrial was a full body burial, knees to the chest, upright. It's been years since I've looked at it. But, is that Paiute style? Miwoks didn't all cremate. Some did, some didn't. There were varied things there, many were Paiute, but not all.

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Monday, Jul 20 at 3:16 AM

Commenter

The Obsidian came from Mono Lake, The Owens Valley Brown ware came from Owens Valley which is Uto Aztecan Paiute. The 23 full burial remains are said to be lost, so the items and bones are classified as "Culturally Unidentified," but not Miwok.

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Monday, Jul 20 at 3:20 AM

Commenter

When we say Culturally unidentified but Not Miwok, This statement is from the YNP Inventory who states the El Portal site items were deposited prior to the Miwoks arrival to the area.

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Monday, Jul 20 at 3:29 AM

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You wrote "The burrial was a full body burial, knees to the chest, upright" Here read this: http://outside.away.com/outside/features/200410/native_america_artifacts_3.html

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Monday, Jul 20 at 3:31 AM

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Jack Harrelson Case the Paiute twins unearthed were found, as the article states: "A dessicated young girl came out of the conical basket. She was older, perhaps ten, her knees pulled to her chest. "Her long black hair was still there,"

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Monday, Jul 20 at 3:34 AM

Commenter

So the Paiutes were found buried "KNEES TO THE CHEST". Proof that Paiute burials were found in that position. So Paiute material was found, plus the position of the body = Paiute.

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Monday, Jul 20 at 3:51 AM

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PAPERS OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY VOL. VIII. No. 2 Paiute burial. excavation: skeleton of a child about six years of age, knees drawn up to chin. Adult male/female buried the same way.

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Indian Scout says ...

On Tuesday, Jul 21 at 11:35 AM

Commenter

The 23 full burial remains are said to be lost, How does one lose 23 burial remains?

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Yosemite Paiutes says ...

On Tuesday, Jul 21 at 6:57 PM

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The Park didn't lose the 23 full burial remains. Like usual the Park is probably not telling the truth to the Paiutes.

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whodunnit says ...

On Wednesday, Jul 22 at 8:32 AM

Commenter

give hetch hetchy / yosemite back to the people send the archeo gistz-back to the smithsonian or some other place to study,maybe they could dig up the tomb of the unknown soldier and study his remains unstead of desecrating the ancestors of inyo.

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Not a Believer says ...

On Thursday, Jul 30 at 10:17 PM

Commenter

YosemitePaiutes, Your work, while extensive and laudable, is not scholarly. You take many leaps of faith. No one can know for sure what was happening in Yosemite pre-1800. War? Peace? Trade? Intermarriage? Your statements of face remain conjecture.

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Tired of all this drivel says ...

On Thursday, Jul 30 at 10:23 PM

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Hey whodunnit, What people own Yosemite? What people own Israel? What people own anyplace - really? What people took what land from what people. In one blog YosemitePaiutes says, using racist language, we warrior Paiutes took yosemite from the Miwok.

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To Not a Believer says ...

On Friday, Jul 31 at 2:18 AM

Commenter

Can you say the items found in El Portal, Yosemite and Hetch Hetchy were Miwok? Well the Park says they were, but the items were identified as Paiute. So the Park can't say they were Miwok if they were Paiute.

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To Tired of all this drivel, who is the same person. says ...

On Friday, Jul 31 at 2:21 AM

Commenter

What "racist" language are we using? You mean WHAT IS DOCUMENTED. We never took Yosemite away from the Miwok, because they never had it in the 1st place. It was Paiute...documented by Lafayette Bunnell.

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To Not a Believer, who is drivel says ...

On Friday, Jul 31 at 2:29 AM

Commenter

Who determines who and what is "scholarly"? A Caucasian who does not know the people or a Yosemite Native American? That is the problem with "scholarly", most of them don't know what is Miwok or Paiute. We do.

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To Tired of all this drivel says ...

On Friday, Jul 31 at 3:10 AM

Commenter

What is racist about what we wrote? You mean the truth that the Miwoks were the scouts for James Savage and the Mariposa Battalion? How is that racist? It is the truth and well documented.

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What is racist What a joke! says ...

On Tuesday, Aug 4 at 6:18 PM

Commenter

What is racist, nothing when an Indian group speaks the truth from a history book. Still want to erase Tenaya and his Piutes/

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